Patologías respiratorias crónicas como factor de riesgo de COVID-19
Resumen
El 31 de diciembre de 2019 las autoridades de Wuhan comunicaron a la misión de la OMS en China la aparición de un brote de neumonía, que, a la larga, ha supuesto un cambio social y en la asistencia médica impensable en ese momento.
Tras un periodo de incubación variable, el virus, que accede por la vía aérea superior y utiliza el receptor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina-2 para penetrar en las células, causa un cuadro con síntomas inespecíficos. Posteriormente, desarrolla una neumonía viral que, en algunos pacientes, se manifiesta por un síndrome de híper-inflamación sistémica, caracterizado por una tormenta de citoquinas, capaz de causar daño pulmonar extenso. Por ello, cabe plantear si la existencia de una enfermedad neumológica previa pudiera tener alguna influencia en el curso clínico o desenlace de la infección por COVID-19, siendo este el objetivo del presente trabajo.
La EPOC es un factor para desarrollar una forma grave de enfermedad y tener un desenlace adverso. Esta probabilidad se ve incrementada si coexiste con otras comorbilidades que, de manera independiente, se hayan mostrado también como factor de mal pronóstico.
No hay evidencia publicada sobre si el asma se asocia a una mayor probabilidad de desarrollar o fallecer por COVID-19. Tampoco empeora el pronóstico en pacientes asmáticos que siguen tratamiento, particularmente glucocorticoides inhalados, por lo que hay mantener la medicación controladora y no evitar los glucocorticoides sistémicos en caso de ser necesarios por un ataque de asma.Referencias
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