Autoadministración de fármacos biológicos en el asma grave
Resumen
Los fármacos biológicos se emplean en el asma grave no controlado (AGNC) en el último escalón de tratamiento y han demostrado reducir las exacerbaciones graves, las hospitalizaciones y el uso de esteroides orales. En el momento actual, Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Benrlizumab y recientemente Dupilumab pueden ser autoadministrados en el domicilio, tras las dosis iniciales, que se administran en entorno hospitalario, ajustados a los fenotipos de AGNC. Los estudios demuestran que la autoadministración puede ser segura, bien aceptada y reduce los costes sanitarios, directos e indirectos. En el presente trabajo se evalúan los fármacos disponibles, resultados en ensayos clínicos y en vida real, sus ventajas e inconvenientes, la percepción por parte de pacientes y profesionales y se señala la importancia de la enfermería en la gestión de pacientes con autoadministración, el control de la enfermedad, la educación terapéutica y el control de efectos adversos y resultados de salud. Permanece por aclarar el perfil del paciente candidato a la administración domiciliaria y la adherencia a los mismos, aunque en general es elevada, así como el papel de los programas o aplicaciones telemáticas en el cumplimiento y seguimiento.
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