Actividad física y ejercicio en pacientes asmáticos: controversias y revisión de la literatura

Francisco Javier Campano Lancharro

Resumen


La actividad física (AF) regular puede mejorar la salud cardiopulmonar y metabólica, y podría influir en el control del asma. En adultos con asma, la AF se ve reducida para (según la evidencia actual) evitar síntomas respiratorios (siendo además la disnea durante la AF el síntoma más referido en el asma incontrolado). Pacientes con asma estable no tienen por qué tener un estilo de vida más sedentario que sujetos sanos (y así parecen demostrarlo estudios, aunque con resultados contradictorios). Diferentes estudios intentan demostrar que el ejercicio contribuye a la prevención y reducción de exacerbaciones asmáticas, mejorar la función pulmonar y regular marcadores inflamatorios; sin embargo, el nivel de AF necesario y su repercusión en esos parámetros está poco claro. La AF puede ser un factor de riesgo potencialmente modificable para el asma y un impulsor del desarrollo de función pulmonar. El beneficio de la rehabilitación en asma (grave), especialmente con obstrucción aérea, ha sido menos investigada, pero parece efectiva en capacidad al ejercicio/fatiga muscular y síntomas (en cualquier escalón). Necesitamos evaluar la relación entre AF y enfermedad, mejorando la forma de valorar al paciente.

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Referencias


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