Autoadministración de fármacos biológicos en el asma grave

Eusebi Chiner, Ana Pulido, Lia Maestre

Resumen


Los fármacos biológicos se emplean en el asma grave no controlado (AGNC) en el último escalón de tratamiento y han demostrado reducir las exacerbaciones graves, las hospitalizaciones y el uso de esteroides orales. En el momento actual, Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Benrlizumab y recientemente Dupilumab pueden ser autoadministrados en el domicilio, tras las dosis iniciales, que se administran en entorno hospitalario, ajustados a los fenotipos de AGNC. Los estudios demuestran que la autoadministración puede ser segura, bien aceptada y reduce los costes sanitarios, directos e indirectos. En el presente trabajo se evalúan los fármacos disponibles, resultados en ensayos clínicos y en vida real, sus ventajas e inconvenientes, la percepción por parte de pacientes y profesionales y se señala la importancia de la enfermería en la gestión de pacientes con autoadministración, el control de la enfermedad, la educación terapéutica y el control de efectos adversos y resultados de salud. Permanece por aclarar el perfil del paciente candidato a la administración domiciliaria y la adherencia a los mismos, aunque en general es elevada, así como el papel de los programas o aplicaciones telemáticas en el cumplimiento y seguimiento.


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Referencias


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